A Critical Discourse Analysis of Presidents’ Inaugural Speeches in Indonesia: A Fairclough Perspective

Abstract

This study aims to examine the relationship between language and socio-cultural structure by comparing the inaugural speeches of President Joko Widodo (2014) and Prabowo Subianto (2024) through the lens of Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis. The research seeks to answer the following questions: (1) How are linguistic choices used to represent the leaders’ political vision? (2) What ideologies are embedded in their speeches? and (3) How do discourse practices reflect broader socio-cultural contexts? The findings indicate that Joko Widodo’s inaugural address foregrounded the ideology of populist nationalism through emphasis on “hard work,” “mutual cooperation,” and “unity,” reflecting an image of collective struggle and inclusivity. In contrast, Prabowo Subianto’s speech articulated an ideology of authoritative reformism, marked by discourses of corruption eradication, food self-sufficiency, and “polite democracy,” which positioned him as a strong leader seeking order, moral authority, and national sovereignty. While Jokowi’s discourse leaned toward constructing solidarity among the people, Prabowo’s discourse sought legitimacy through the language of discipline and protection of national dignity. These results demonstrate that inaugural speeches not only present policy directions but also construct ideological positions that shape political legitimacy.