Artificial Intelligence (AI) Use Policy

1. For Authors

Authors may use AI tools to assist with language improvement, translation, organization of ideas, data analysis, coding, or other supporting activities. Authors must remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, integrity, and final content of the manuscript. However, AI must not replace the authors’ intellectual contribution or scholarly judgment. Authors must:

• review and verify all AI-assisted outputs;
• disclose substantive AI use in the manuscript or submission form;
• not list AI as an author or co-author;
• not use AI to fabricate data, references, results, or other scholarly content; and
• protect confidential, personal, unpublished, and copyrighted materials.

2. For Reviewers

Reviewers must maintain manuscript confidentiality and must not upload manuscript content, author information, data, figures, or other confidential materials to AI platforms. AI may only be used for limited assistance, such as improving the language of reviewers’ own comments. AI must not be used to generate review reports, evaluate manuscript quality, or make recommendations regarding acceptance or rejection. Reviewers remain fully responsible for their assessments and recommendations.

3. For Editors

Editors may use AI only for limited administrative assistance. AI must not replace editorial judgment or determine manuscript acceptance, revision, or rejection. Editors must protect manuscript and reviewer confidentiality and ensure that all editorial and ethical decisions remain human-led.