Optimasi Pengendali PID Berbasis Simulasi untuk Pengaturan Kecepatan Motor DC Menggunakan Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31294/insantek.v6i2.9579Keywords:
Pengendali PID, Motor DC, Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA)Abstract
Pengendali PID merupakan salah satu metode yang paling umum digunakan dalam sistem kontrol industri, khususnya dalam pengaturan kecepatan motor DC. Namun, proses tuning parameter PID secara manual sering kali memerlukan waktu lama dan hasil yang kurang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kinerja pengendali PID yang dituning secara manual (trial and error) dengan pengendali PID yang dioptimasi menggunakan Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) dalam lingkungan simulasi MATLAB Simulink. Simulasi dilakukan pada sistem motor DC penguatan terpisah, yang dirancang untuk menguji performa respon sistem terhadap perubahan kecepatan referensi. Tiga skenario diuji: tanpa pengendali, pengendali PID trial-error, dan PID hasil tuning CSA. Parameter evaluasi meliputi waktu naik (rise time), waktu stabilisasi (settling time), overshoot, dan akurasi steady-state. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan CSA secara signifikan meningkatkan kinerja sistem. Dengan waktu naik sekitar 1 detik dan settling time kurang dari 3 detik tanpa overshoot, sistem menunjukkan performa yang jauh lebih baik dibandingkan metode manual. Selain itu, integrasi fitur anti-windup dalam pengendali PID turut membantu menjaga kestabilan sistem saat terjadi saturasi aktuator. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa CSA merupakan alternatif tuning yang efisien dan efektif untuk pengendalian kecepatan motor DC, serta dapat diimplementasikan lebih luas dalam sistem kendali dinamis lainnya.
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