Struktur Kepemilikan Dan Kinerja Keuangan Pada Perusahaan Barang Konsumsi Di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31294/jab.v5i2.9902Keywords:
Kinerja Keuangan, Profitabilitas, Struktur Kepemilikan, Struktur Modal, Sektor Barang KonsumsiAbstract
Struktur kepemilikan merupakan faktor penting dalam menentukan kinerja keuangan perusahaan, terutama di industri barang konsumsi cepat saji Indonesia yang kompetitif antara perusahaan keluarga dan perusahaan multinasional. Penelitian ini meneliti pengaruh kepemilikan terhadap profitabilitas, struktur modal, dan nilai perusahaan dengan membandingkan PT Mayora Indah Tbk dan PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk selama periode 2020–2024. Desain penelitian yang digunakan bersifat komparatif kuantitatif dengan data sekunder dari Bursa Efek Indonesia, berupa laporan keuangan yang telah diaudit dan laporan tahunan perusahaan. Analisis dilakukan terhadap ROE, DER, dan PBV menggunakan uji normalitas serta uji t independen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Unilever memiliki profitabilitas dan valuasi pasar yang lebih tinggi, sedangkan Mayora memiliki tingkat leverage yang lebih rendah dan stabil. Temuan ini memperluas teori trade-off dengan menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan keluarga cenderung menerapkan under-leverage untuk menjaga stabilitas, sementara perusahaan multinasional lebih agresif dalam pembiayaan utang demi mendorong pertumbuhan. Pendekatan longitudinal mengungkap bahwa pola ini tetap konsisten setelah pandemi, memberikan implikasi penting bagi investor, manajer, dan pembuat kebijakan. Penelitian ini juga merekomendasikan penguatan peran investor institusional sebagai mekanisme pengawasan manajerial. Penelitian ini memiliki keterbatasan karena periode observasi yang relatif singkat dan cakupan industri yang sempit. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk memperluas data dan sektor yang diteliti agar hasilnya lebih representatif.
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