Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa Rejoso Kidul Dalam Pengolahan Sampah Organik Melalui Maggot Dengan Pendekatan Participatory Action Research

Abstract

Permasalahan pengelolaan sampah organik di Desa Rejoso Kidul, Kabupaten Pasuruan dimana masyarakat masih menerapkan pola konvensional berupa penumpukan dan pembakaran sampah yang mencemari lingkungan serta mengurangi potensi nilai ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis proses pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pengolahan sampah organik melalui teknologi maggot (Black Soldier Fly) dengan pendekatan Participatory Action Research (PAR) untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan program dan dampaknya terhadap peningkatan kapasitas masyarakat. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan PAR yang menempatkan masyarakat sebagai subjek aktif dalam proses penelitian selama 40 hari (16 Juni-25 Juli 2025) dengan subjek penelitian meliputi aparat desa, RW, pemuda desa, kelompok tani, dan ibu rumah tangga. Tahapan penelitian meliputi orientasi, perencanaan melalui FGD (Focus Group Discussion), implementasi berupa sosialisasi serta pengumpulan data melalui observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknologi maggot memiliki keunggulan signifikan dibandingkan metode konvensional karena dapat mengurangi volume sampah hingga 80-90 % dalam 10-15 hari, menghasilkan produk bernilai ekonomi berupa pakan ternak berprotein tinggi dan pupuk organik serta ramah lingkungan tanpa menghasilkan emisi gas berbahaya. Pendekatan PAR berhasil meningkatkan antusiasme dan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap pengolaan sampah, meskipun masih menghadapi tantangan keterbatasan pengetahuan teknis yang diatasi melalui strategi penguatan kapasitas dan pengembangan jejaring pemasaran.

The problem of organic waste management in Rejoso Kidul Village, Pasuruan Regency lies in the community's continued use of conventional methods such as waste piling and burning, which pollute the environment and diminish the potential economic value. This study aims to analyze the process of community empowerment in organic waste management through maggot (Black Soldier Fly) technology using a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, to identify factors influencing the program’s success and its impact on enhancing community capacity. The research method employs the PAR approach, positioning the community as active subjects in the research process over a 40-day period (June 16–July 25, 2025), involving village officials, neighborhood leaders (RW), village youth, farmer groups, and housewives as research participants. The research stages include orientation, planning through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), implementation through socialization, and data collection through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings show that maggot technology offers significant advantages over conventional methods, as it can reduce waste volume by 80– 90% within 10–15 days, produce economically valuable products such as high-protein animal feed and organic fertilizer, and is environmentally friendly without emitting harmful gases. The PAR approach successfully increased community enthusiasm and awareness regarding waste management, although it still faces challenges such as limited technical knowledge, which are addressed through capacity-building strategies and the development of marketing networks.